Inverse design of the thermal environment in an airplane cockpit using the adjoint method with the momentum method

Currently, the thermal environment in airplane cockpits is unsatisfactory and pilots often complain about a strong draft sensation in the cockpit. It is caused by the unreasonable air supply diffusers design. One of the best approaches to design a better cockpit environment is the adjoint method. The method can simultaneously and efficiently identify the number, size, location, and shape of air supply inlets, and the air supply parameters. However, the real air diffuser needed to design often have grilles, especially in the airplane cockpit, and the current method can only design the inlet as an opening. This study combined the adjoint method with the momentum method to directly identify the optimal air supply diffusers with grilles to create optimal thermal environment in an airplane cockpit (1) under ideal conditions and (2) with realistic constraints. Under the ideal conditions, the resulting design provides an optimal thermal environment for the cockpit, but it might not be feasible in practice. The design with realistic constraints provides acceptable thermal comfort in the cockpit, but it is not optimal. Thus, there is an engineering trade-off between design feasibility and optimization. All in all, the adjoint method with the momentum method can be effectively used to identify real air supply diffusers.     

Antibacterial activity and action target of phenyllactic acid against Staphylococcus aureus and its application in skim milk and cheese

Phenyllactic acid (PLA) has been demonstrated to possess antibacterial activity and capacity to prolong food shelf life. However, studies on the performance of PLA in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and its effectiveness when applied to dairy products are largely lacking. Here, antibacterial activity (planktonic and biofilm states) of PLA against S. aureus CICC10145 (S. aureus_45) were investigated. The results showed that PLA inhibited growth of S. aureus_45 and formation of S. aureus_45 biofilm. Next, the antibacterial action target of PLA was uncovered from both physiological and phenotypic perspectives. The results showed that PLA decreased cell metabolic activity and cell viability, damaged cell membrane integrity, triggered leakage of intracellular contents (DNA, proteins, and ATP), and caused oxidative stress damage and morphological deformation of S. aureus_45. In practical application, the antibacterial activity of PLA against S. aureus_45 cells was further confirmed in skim milk and cheese as dairy food models, and the antibacterial effects can be adequately maintained during storage for 21 d, at least at 4°C. These findings suggested that PLA could be a potential candidate for controlling S. aureus outgrowth in dairy foods.     

采动区建筑物附加地基反力变化规律研究

为了研究采动区建筑物附加地基反力的变化规律，采用采动区建筑物地基、基础和结构协同作用力学模型，研究了建筑物位于采动区不同位置时附加地基反力的分布变化规律，指出地表曲率变形值是控制附加地基反力大小及分布形态的主导因素；并研究了建筑物长度、弹性模量、地基系数、开采厚度、建筑物高度等各种因素对建筑物附加地基反力的影响规律，同时建立了附加地基反力最大值与各影响因素之间的关系式.     

异型柱框架、框-剪结构在高层建筑中的应用

结合一住宅小区的结构设计．对异型柱框架、框一剪结构的破坏机理、计算理论和结构构造进行了探讨，供设计同仁参考。     

水平定向钻机卡瓦的作用机理研究与改进

将水平定向钻机的卡瓦分为整体式卡瓦与组合式卡瓦2种。计算得到它们与钻杆表面的作用机理分别为表面接触式和嵌入式。初步确定了卡瓦与钻杆之间的摩擦系数。最后,针对卡瓦打滑和伤害钻杆的问题,设计出了菱形齿面卡瓦和嵌入合金颗粒的卡瓦。     

企业素质-人才、技术、管理的研究(之一)

企业素质包括管理、技术和人才3个方面，通过实例，论述了企业素质决定经营活动成果的质量，决定企业进入市场的能力。     

改性粉煤灰填充橡胶的研究

研究了改性粉煤灰填充橡胶物理机械性能 ,结果表明 :经过改性处理的粉煤灰对橡胶具有良好的补强作用 ,可以完全替代CaCO3 、部分替代炭黑     

不同设计基准期地震动参数取值

提出了不同的设计基准期所对应的地震烈度及地震动参数的计算方法，并通过工程实例，对不同设计基准期的地震动参数进行了设计计算。     

抚顺西露天矿北帮地面长期剧烈变形原因的分析

抚顺矿区西部煤田为井工矿与露天矿联合开采方式。自70年代末期开始，地面变形持续增大，由此造成周边工厂及各种建筑设施受到严重破坏。到目前为止，国家及相关企业已投资几亿元用于控制变形的发展及相应的安全保护措施。该文将综合分析各个影响因素的作用特点及其在变形中所起的作用，最终归纳出地面长期剧烈变形的主导性因素，以便为该类矿山的后续开采提供参考依据，同时为确保周边安全提供决策依据。     

Prediction of High Methane-Recovery Regions and Gas Extraction Technology Based on Geodynamic Zoning of Bowels

An analysis is performed for the existing hypotheses and theories used for calculating the technological parameters of operations on methane extraction from coal seams. The priority of geodynamic processes in methane collector formation, as well as the methods applied for the morphometry and processing of the remote probing data are substantiated. The urgency is shown for the investigation into the autooxidation and other exothermic reactions proceeding in coal seams and leading to methane transition to the free state.